Yaduwar Juyin Mulki A Afirka
Published: 7th, November 2025 GMT
Duba da irin juyin mulkin da aka rika samu a-kai-a-kai cikin larduna biyar, jumla da ke a nahiyar Afirka, lardin Afirka ta Kudu ne mafi karancin samun faruwar ta’adar juyin mulkin. Daga shekarar 1950 zuwa yau, duk da karancin samun afkuwar juyin mulki a yankin na Afirka ta Kudun, za a samu cewa; wasu juyin mulkin sun yi nasara, wasu kuwa ba su kai ga samun nasara ba.
A Kasar Lesotho (1970)
Bayan da Kasar Lesotho ta karbi mulki daga Turawan Ingilishi cikin shekarar 1966, sai aka wayigari ana samun zazzafan sabani a tsakanin jam’iyyar gwamnati ta BNP (Basotho National Party), da kuma jam’iyyar adawa ta BCP (Basutoland Congress Party).
Cikin shekarar 1970 ne, wannan sabani na jam’iyyun ya munana, sa’adda Firaminista Leabua Jonathan ya ruguje sakamakon zabe da aka yi a kasar, kawai saboda tunanin ba zai kai bantensa ba a zaben. Bayan rugujewar, nan take sai kuma ya jingine yin amfani da kundin tsarin mulkin kasar, tamkar irin yadda sojoji ke yi a duk kasar da suka samu nasarar aiwatar da juyin mulki a cikinta. Bugu da kari, sai Jonathan ya rushe ‘yan majalisun tarayyar kasar baki-daya. Wannan ruguzau da kuma rusau da Firaministan Lesotho ya yi cikin shekarar 1970, shi ne ake kallo a matsayin juyin mulki na kashin-kai (irin wanda shugaba mai-ci ne ke kitsa shi), kuma shi ne na farko a lardin Afirka ta Kudun, bayan kai wa ga samun ‘yancin-kai daga Turawa.
Baya ga wancan juyin mulki na kashin-kai da Jonathan ya kirkira a kasar ta Lesotho, sai abu ya rika ci gaba tamkar wutar daji, domin kuwa, a shekarun 1980 zuwa 1990, juyin mulkin soja ya rika faruwa a-kai-a-kai cikin kasar. Sai da aka wayigari Lesotho ta zamto cikin Kasashen Afirka da juyin mulki na iya afkuwa cikinta nan da nan a kowane lokaci, duk da zamantowarta wata kasa karama, idan aka kwatanta da sauran kasashen da ke yankin nahiyar ta Afirka. Misali, a tsakiyar shekarar 2025, an fadi cewa; daukacin al’ummar da ke kasar ta Lesotho, ba su riski miliyan biyu da rabi ba.
A Kasar Zimbabwe (2017)
An yi wa juyin mulkin shekarar 2017 da ya afku a cikin Kasar Zimbabwe kallon wani juyin mulki na ruwan-sanyi. Inda rundunar sojin kasar da ake kira da ZDF (Zimbabwe Defense Forces) karkashin jagorancin Janar Constantino Chiwenga ta hambarar da gwamnatin shugaba Robert Mugabe, mai shekara 93 da haihuwa, cikin yanayi da ba na zubar da jini ba.
A lokacin juyin mulkin, an yi wa shugaba Mugabe daurin talala a gida tare da tilasta shi yin murabus daga kujerar ta shugaban kasa, bayan shafe shekara 37 yana mulkar kasar. Da yawan manazarta, na kallon canjin gwamnatin Mugabe a matsayin mika mulki ga wata gwamnati da taimakon soja. Ba mika mulki ba ne daga gwamnatin farar hula zuwa ga wata gwamnati ta farar hula.
Bugu da kari, inda wannan juyin mulki ya sha bamban da saura shi ne, duk da sojojin kasar sun tilasa Robert Mugabe sauka daga mulki, ba su jingine tsarin mulkin kasar ba, tamkar irin yadda sojoji ke yi a duk sa’adda suka hambarar da wata gwamnati a kasa. A karshen lamarin, sojin kasar; ba su dare bisa karagar mulkin kasar zuwa wani lokaci ba, don kuwa, sun mika ragamar ta fi da gwamnatin kasar ne a hannun mataimakin tsohon shugaba Mugabe, wato Emmerson Mnangagwa.
A Kasar Angola (1975)
Ministan cikin gida na Kasar Angola da ake kira da Nito Albes, shi ne ya tasamma hambarar da gwamnatin shugaba Agostinho Neto a shekarar 1977, sai dai wannan juyin mulki bai kai ga samun nasara ba. Shekara guda (1978) bayan yunkurin juyin mulkin Angola, an yi wani sabon yunkurin juyin mulkin a Kasar Zambia, wanda shi ma dai bai kai bantensa ba.
A Lardin Afirka Ta Tsakiya
Ta tabbata cewa, kasashe irin su Chadi, Central African Republic (CAR), Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Republic of Congo (Congo-Brazzabille), Cameroon, Ekuatorial Guinea, Gabon da ma wasu kasashen da ke kunshe a wannan lardi na Afirka ta Tsakiya, sun kasance guda daga cikin yankunan da aka fi yawan samun tashin-tashina game da neman shugabanci a cikinsu, kabilanci da sauransu, bayan samun ‘yancin-kai. An yi ta samun juyin mulki iri daban-daban a lardin, musamman bayan shekarar 1960.
A Kasar Dimukradiyyar Kongo (1960 – 1965)
Wannan kasa ta Kongo, ta kasance daga kasashen da ke a jerin farko da aka samu nasarar juyin mulki cikinsu, a wannan lardi na Afirka ta Tsakiya. A wancan lokaci, ana kiran kasar ne da ‘Congo-Leopoldbille’, daga bisani ta koma amsa sunan DRC (Democratic Republic of Congo). Ba ta jima da samun ‘yancin-kai ba, ta tsunduma cikin rigingimun siyasa. Bayan kashe Firaministan Kasar Patrice Lumumba, sai aka wayigari sojoji na yin tawaye a kasar. Wanda a karshe cikin shekarar 1965, Joseph-Desire Mobutu, wanda daga bisani ake kira da Mobutu Sese Seko ya hambarar da gwamnatin lokacin tare da darewa kujerar mulkin kasar. Sese Seko ya mike kafarsa cikin izzar mulki, har na tsawon shekara 32.
A Kasar Jamhuriyar Afirka Ta Tsakiya (1966)
Wannan kasa ta Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya, ta karbi ‘yancin cin-gashin-kai ne daga Turawan Faransa, a shekarar 1960. Misalin Nijeriya, wadda ita ma cikin shekarar 1960 ta karbi nata ‘yancin, sai dai, daga Turawan Birtaniya ne ta karbi nata. Bayan wannan jamhuriya (CAR) ta yi habzi da gudanar da mulkin kanta da kanta, Dabid Dacko ne shugaban kasar na farko. Bayan shekaru shida kacal, bisa karagar mulki, sai Kanar Jean-Bedel Bokassa ya yi masa juyin mulki. Bokassa, na daga shugabannin da ake zargi da shimfida mulki na kama-karya a wannan nahiya tamu ta Afirka.
A Kasar Ekuatorial Guinea (1979)
Wannan kasa ta Ekuatorial Guinea, na daga kasashen nahiyar Afirka, wadda tarihi ya shaida cewa; an samu mummunan zubar da jini a juyin mulkin da aka yi a kasar. Cikin shekara ta 1979 ne, Teodoro Obiang Nguena Mbasogo ya samu nasarar kifar da gwamnatin kawunsa Francisco Macias Nguema.
A farkon mulkin na Obiang, ya yi alkawarin kawo muhimman gyare-gyare a kasar, sai kawai ya mike-kafa tare da shimfida mulkinsa yadda yake so. Obiang ne wani shugaba a kasashen Afirka da ya fi kowa cin dogon zango, a kan kujerar mulki a shekarar 2020.
Akwai ci gaba a mako na gaba in sha Allah.
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