Awakin da ke rayuwa sama da shekaru 200 a inda babu ruwa
Published: 12th, May 2025 GMT
Masana kimiyya suna ƙoƙarin fahimtar yadda garken awaki ke rayuwa a wani tsibiri da ke Arewa maso gabashin Brazil fiye da ƙarni biyu (shekara 200) ba tare da samun tsaftaccen ruwan sha ba.
Ba a fayyace yadda ainihin awakin suka hau saman tsaunin Santa Barbara tun a farko ba, wanda ɗaya ne daga cikin tsibirai biyar masu aman wuta da suka haɗa da tsibiran Abrolhos, kimanin kilomita 70 daga gaɓar tekun Bahia, amma masana kimiyya sun yi imanin cewa, ’yan mulkin mallaka ne suka kawo su, suka bar su a wurin.
Dabbobi kamar irin su awaki da alade da kaji ana kiwon su ne don samun ingantaccen abinci, amma galibi ana barin su a baya lokacin da mulkin mallaka ya gaza.
An dai adana rubutun kasancewarsu a tsibirin Santa Bárbara fiye da shekaru 250, bisa ga bayanan tarihi, wanda ke da ban mamaki, idan muka yi la’akari da cewa, karamin tsibirin ba shi da sanannun hanyar samun ruwa.
Duk da wannan “rashin samun ruwa,” awakin sun yi ta kara yawa da bunkasa a busasshen tsibiri mai iska.
A watan da ya gabata, Cibiyar Kula da Kare Halittu ta Chico Mendes (ICMBio), wacce ke kula da gandun dajin ruwa na Abrolhos, ta ɗauke awaki 27 na ƙarshe a Santa Barbara.
Hakan na zuwa ne bayan da aka tabbatar da cewa, kasancewarsu zai yi illa ga ma’aunin muhallin tsibirin, musamman ma ya shafi nau’in halittun tsuntsayen teku guda bakwai da ke haihuwa a yankin.
Duk da haka, ba a ɗauke dabbobin ba saboda masana kimiyya suna son yin nazarin su, musamman yadda suke iya rayuwa ba tare da ruwa ko kadan ba.
“Mun yi imanin cewa, suna da wata baiwa ta rayuwa ta musamman don tsira a wurin, inda shugaban gandun dajin ruwa na Abrolhos, Erismar Rocha ya ce, “idan da ba a kula da yawan dabbobin ba, da sun mamaye tsibirin duka.”
Abin sha’awa shi ne, a cikin dukan shekarun da masana kimiyya suka yi nazarin awakin na Santa Barbara, ba su taba ganin su suna shan ruwa ba, wanda ya haifar da tambayar, “Ta yaya suke rayuwa a wurin sama da karni biyu?”
A wannan lokacin, masana za su iya yin hasashe ne kawai.
Wasu sun yi imanin cewa, wataƙila awakin sun yi ta shan ruwan teku ne kuma a wannan yanayin suke rayuwarsu zuwa tsawon wannan shekarun, yayin da wasu ke ganin suna cin tsirrai da furannin bedroega, waɗanda shukoki ne masu yawan ruwa da ake samu a Santa Bárbara, don rayuwar dabbobi.
Amma awakin Santa Barbara ba kawai suna rayuwa a can ba ne, suna jin dadin rayuwa a yankin.
Masu bincike sun ba da rahoton cewa, yawancin dabbobin da ake haifa a tsibirin tagwaye ne, wanda ke nuna cewa, awakin suna rayuwa cikin koshin lafiya.”
Ta hanyar nazarin awakin tsibirin Santa Bárbara, masana kimiyya na Brazil suna fatan gano sirrin matsananciyar juriyarsu, wadda za ta iya taimakawa wajen samar da sababbin nau’o’in da suka fi dacewa don tsira daga ƙalubalen sauyin yanayi da kuma daidaituwa a yankuna masu bushewa, kamar Arewa maso Gabashin Brazil.
উৎস: Aminiya
কীওয়ার্ড: awaki Brazil ruwa masana kimiyya Santa Barbara
এছাড়াও পড়ুন:
Yadda ɓallewar ƙasashen AES ta illata ECOWAS
Ɓallewar ƙasashen Mali da Nijar da Burkina Faso daga Kungiyar Raya Tattalin Arzikin Yammacin Afirka (ECOWAS) bayan kwashe fiye da shekara guda ana zaman tankiya tsakaninta da su, wani abu da ke nuni da rashin tabbas ga ci gaba da kasancewar kungiyar ta Ecowas.
A ranar ta 29 ga watan Janairun 2024 ne kasashen guda uku da shugabannin mulkin soji ke jagoranta suka sanar da ECOWAS a hukumance dangane da buƙatar ficewar tasu.
Muna bayan Tinubu a Zaɓen 2027 — Patience Jonathan Muhawarar da ta ɓarke kan saya wa Sarkin Kano motocin naira miliyan 670To sai dai bisa dokokin kungiyar, kasashen na buƙatar sanar da ita shekara guda kafin amincewa da ficewar.
Bayan wa’adin da kungiyar ta deba musu ya cika, dukkansu sun yi watsi da kiranta na su kara tsawaita zamansu mambobinta na watanni shida domin samo mafita.
Kasashen Burkina Faso da Mali da Nijar sun zama kawaye inda suka cure wuri guda karkashin kungiyar da suke kira Hadakar Kasashen Sahel (Allaiance of Sahel States (AES).
Shugabannin mulkin sojin kasashen dai sun zargi Ecowas da kakaba musu takunkumi na “rashin imani kuma haramtattu” bayan juyin mulkin da ya kawo su kan karaga.
Sun kuma yi amannar cewa kungiyar ba ta ba su cikakkiyar gudunmawa ba wajen yakar ’yan ta’adda, kuma ita ’yar kanzagin tsohuwar uwar gijiyarsu ce wato kasar Faransa.
Faransa ta kasance abokiyar hamayyar wadannan kasashen da sojoji ke jagoranci da a yanzu haka suka kwammace yin hulda da kasashe irin su Rasha da Turkiyya da Iran.
‘ECOWAS ta raunana’
Kungiyar ECOWAS dai ta samu rauni ne a watan Yulin 2023 bayan juyin mulkin Jamhuriyar Nijar, inda ta yi barazanar yin amfani da karfin soji wajen mayar da hambararren Shugaban Kasar, Bazoum Mohamed da kuma kakaba takunkuman tattalin arziki kan kasar, wadanda yanzu duk an dage su.
Kasashen uku tuni sun fito da nasu fasfo kuma sun samar da rundunar sojin hadin gwiwa da za su yaki masu ikirarin jihadi a yankin.
Ficewarsu ta yi wa ECOWAS “illa musamman ta fuskar rikicin siyasa a yankin,” kamar yadda Gilles Yabi, Shugaban Kungiyar Wathi ta Kwararru a Afirka ta Yamma, ya shaida wa AFP.
Togo da Ghana na zawarcin Kungiyar AES
Kasar Togo wadda ta bude tashar jirgin ruwanta ga kasashen uku na AES tana kokarin ganin ta samu shiga cikin kungiyar.
“Togo tana da mafarki mai gajeren zango bisa hasashen da ake, da suka shafi muradun tattalin arziki da zai illata ECOWAS,” in ji Yabi.
Ministan Harkokin Wajen Togo a baya-bayan nan ya fada cewa ba su cire ran cewa kasar tasu za ta shiga kungiyar ta AES ba.
Idan ECOAWS ta rasa mambobi har hudu kamar Togo wadda ke da hanyoyin sufuri na ruwa, “za a yi mamakin yadda kungiayr za ta rayu,” in ji Rinaldo Depagne, Mataimakin Daraktan Afirka a Kungiyar Kanzar da Zaman Lafiya ta Kasa da Kasa ta ICG.
Kungiyar AES na kokarin gamsar da wasu kasashe cewa ECOWAS ba ta yin komai sannan za su iya maye gurbinta.
Kasar Ghana a karkashin shugabanta na yanzu, John Mahama, tana kokarin tuntubar kasashen na AES.
Dramani Mahama ya gana da shugabanninta sannan ya sannar cewa zai aike da jakada na musamman zuwa kungiyar.
“Shugaban kasar ya banbanta da mutumin da ya gada dangane da matsayar Ghana kan juyin mulkin da aka yi a kasashen,” in ji Depagne na ICG.
Tambayoyin da ake yi su ne ko kasa guda za ta iya iya kasancewa a Kungiyar AES da kuma ECOWAS a lokaci guda?
‘Sabuwar ECOWAS’
Abin da ya faru ya janyo muhawara kan bukatar ECOWAS “ta sake komawa ga muradunta na asali kan tattalin arziki da doka da dimokuradiyya,” in ji Yabi.
Duk da raunin da kungiyar ta samu, Yabi ya ce dole ne a karfafa dangantaka tsakaninta da kasashen AES domin, ci gaba da kulla alakar tattalin arziki sannan kuma a fuskanci matsalar tsaro.
Masu ikirarin Jihadi sun haddasa mutuwar dubban jama’a a Mali da Nijar da Burkina Faso a tsawon shekara 10 da suka gabata, sannan kuma rikicin ya fantsama zuwa kasashen kungiyar ECOWAS kamar Benin da Togo.
Masana dai ana ganin ficewar da kasashen Mali da Nijar da kuma Burkina Faso suka yi daga ECOWAS na da hadari sosai, saboda zai iya yin sanadiyar rushewar kungiyar, tare da haddasa rikici a wasu sassan nahiyar Afirka.
Me matakin kasashen uku ke nufi?
Farfesa Jibrin Ibrahim mai sharhi a kan siyasa a shiyyar Afirka ta Yamma ya bayyana cewa tun farko kasashen Mali da Nijar da Burkina Faso sun yi abin da bai kamata ba, saboda mambobin ECOWAS sun yarda cewa dimokuradiyya za a yi.
Ya kuma ce ita kanta ECOWAS ta yi kuskure kuma a ganinsa babu wani bangare da wannan matakin zai amfana.
Shi ma Farfesa Tukur Abdulkadir, malami a Sashen Kimiyyar Siyasa a Jami’ar Jihar Kaduna, ya ce ficewar kasashen uku ya haifar da babbar baraka ga ECOWAS saboda ba a taba samun irin haka ba a tarihin kungiyar.
Masanin ya ce akan samu ce-ceku-ce tsakanin kasashe rainon Ingila da Faransa amma “ba na tsammanin ya taba kazancewa ya kai ga irin wannan yanayi da wannan kungiya ta samu kanta a ciki a yanzu.”
Ya ce abu ne mai yiwuwa a dinke barakar amma gyara irin wannan rarrabuwar kan sai an yi da gaske tare da fahimtar juna da kuma girmama muradun kowane bangare.
Yadda janyewar ta shafi alakar ECOWAS da kasashen
Tun bayan sanarwar da kasashen uku suka yi, jama’a da dama sun yi ta bayyana mabanbanta ra’ayi kan yadda suke tunanin alakar kasashen uku za ta kasance musamman ga al’ummominsu.
Da yake magana a kan haka, Farfesa Tukur Abdulkadir ya ce matakin ya shafi dangantakar kasashen uku da ECOWAS kasancewar akwai yarjeniyoyi da dama da suka kulla.
Ya ba da misali da yarjeniyoyin da suka danganci shige da fici da na kasuwanci.
Ya kara da cewa duk kasashen uku sun yi iyaka ne da sauran kasashen ECOWAS, “idan aka cire iyakar Nijar da Burkina Faso ko Burkina Faso da Mali da Nijar ko Algeriya da Nijar.”
A cewarsa, wannan matakin na kasashen zai kara wa dangantaka ta shekaru aru-aru illa tare da cutar da ’yan kasuwa daga duka bangarorin.
Sai dai ya ce ba ya tunanin duk matakin da za a dauka, ba zai kai ga kassara alakar da ke tsakanin kasashen ba, kasancewar dangantaka ce ta tsawon shekaru musamman Nijeriya da Nijar.
Ya cewa “dole a yi la’akari da wadannan muradu na mutanen da ke wadannan kasashe, ba kawai bukatun wadanda suke jagoranci ba — gwamnatocin Nijar da Mali da Burkina Faso ko shugabannin ECOWAS ba.”
Ya ce, ya zama tilas a tausaya wa talakawa musamman masu fama da kuncin talauci da matsalolin rashin tsaro da ke addabar yankunansu.
Da yake magana kan irin alaka ta kusanci da ke tsakanin Nijeriya da Nijar, Farfesan ya ce, “Babu wata kasa a yanki na Afirka ta Yamma da take da alaka ta kut-da-kut da na al’ada da yare da addini da haduwar kasa irin Nijeriya da Nijar.
Ya ce duk da cewa Nijar ba ta da ƙarfin tattalin arziki amma “duk wani abin da ya shafi ’yanci kowa yana son sa saboda ɗan Adam yana da martaba. Nijar da Najeriya suna bukatar juna,” kamar yadda masanin ya jaddada.
Makomar dangantaka Ecowas da AES
A cewar masanin, idan har ECOWAS tana son ta raya kungiyar ta kuma kawo maslaha ga wannan baraka da ta faru tsakaninta da ƙasashen uku da a yanzu suke hannun sojoji, dole ne su nisanta daga wasu matakan da suka dauka a kan kasashen, da ya kira na “gallazawa na kuntatawa da suka jefa dumbin mutane cikin karayar tattalin arziki.”
Gaskiyar batun kama Bello Turji —Sojoji