Tsokaci Dangane Da Juyin Mulki A Nahiyar Afirka
Published: 2nd, November 2025 GMT
Ba tare da nausawa daji ba, babban abin da ya kamata mu mayar da hankali a kai shi ne, mu fahimci sabubban da ke bayuwa zuwa ga afkuwar irin wadannan juye-juyen mulki a wannan nahiya tamu ta Afirka, a daya hannun kuma, gano dalilan da zai sanya a kauce musu, na da gayar muhimmanci. Sai dai, mu sani cewa; rashin daukar matakan kaucewa faruwar Juyin Mulkin, to fa tamkar guzurin tad-da shi ne, ko mun sani ko ba mu sani ba, musamman shugabanni, wadanda su ne ake tankwabe wani abu da suka fi kauna sama da komai cikin rayuwar duniya daga hannayensu, a halin suna numfashi ko akasin haka.
Ma’anar Juyin Mulki:
Ko mutum bai je makaranta ba, zai kai ga fahimtar juyin mulki na nufin tankwabar ko barar da gwamnati mai-ci ne, sawa’un, ta soja ce ko ta farar-hula. Ko a ilmance ma haka batun yake, wala’alla sai dan wasu karin bayani da za a iya samu. Ga wasu daga fassarorin masana game da hakikanin irin yadda za a kalli, ko fassara “juyin mulki” da; “wasu tsirarin mutane cikin gwamnati, su kifar da gwamnati mai-ci babu zato babu tsammani, a sau da yawan lokuta juyin mulkin kan afku ne cikin yanayi na gumurzu, kuma sau da yawa za a ga sojoji ne ke yin juyin tare da maye-gurbin manyan jagororin gwamnatin (da aka kifar) da wasu mutane na daban” (Decalo, 1990). A wata fassarar an ce, juyin mulki na nufin, “wani yunkuri ne karara da ya saba da tsarin mulkin kasa, wanda sojoji ko wasu manyan mutane cikin gwamnati ke yi na kifar da gwamnati mai-ci” (Powell & Thyne, 2011).
Rabe-raben Juyin Mulki:
Da yawan masana da masharhanta sun kasa juyin mulki zuwa gida hudu tare da gabatar da bayanansu daya bayan daya. Ga su kamar haka;
1- Kilasik Kuu “Classic Coup”.
2- Fales Kuu “Palace Coup”.
3- Kawunta Kuu “Counter Coup”, da kuma
4- Sibil-Militiri Kuu “Cibil-Military Coup”.
Akwai bukatar dan yin karin haske game da wadannan mabanbantan nau’o’i na juyin mulki hudu da aka lasafto:
Kilasik Kuu “Classic Coup
Yayin da sojoji suka game-baki tare da hambarar da wata gwamnati mai-ci, shi ake kira da Kilasik Kuu. Misali, a nan Nijeriya cikin shekarar 1983, inda sojojin wannan kasa suka hade-baki suka kifar da gwamnatin marigayi Alhaji Shehu Shagari, suka maye-gurbinsa da marigayi Janar Muhammadu Buhari.
Fales Kuu “Palace Coup
Yayin da wani sashe na jagororin mulki a kasa, suka tsige shugaban kasa ba tare da sun yi ittifaki da daukacin sojin kasar ba (face wasu tsirari daga cikinsu), shi ake kira Fales Kuu. Irin nau’in wannan juyin mulki, an yi shi a Kasar Mauritania, cikin shekarar 2008.
Kawunta Kuu “Counter Coup
Yayin da wasu suka yi juyin mulki, sai kuma wasu mutane daban suka sake yin wani juyin mulkin, don kalubalantar juyin mulkin farko, shi ake kira da Kawunta Kuu. Misali, bayan juyin mulkin da su Ironsi suka yi a Nijeriya cikin shekarar 1966, bayan wata shida kacal, sai wasu daga sojojin kasar suka hambarar da gwamnatin ta Aguiyi Ironsi.
Sibil-Militiri Kuu “Cibil-Military Coup
Yayin da sojoji da wasu daga cikin jama’ar gari ko ‘yan siyasa a kasa suka hade-baki wajen kifar da wata gwamnati mai-ci, shi ake kira da Sibil-Militiri Kuu. Irin wannan juyin mulki ne ya afku a Kasar Ghana cikin shekarar 1981, inda Jerry Rawlings ya hada-kai da wasu mutanen gari suka yi wa gwamnatin lokacin juyin mulki.
Sai dai, masana da sauran masharhanta na fadin cewa, yawancin juyin mulki na samar da canjin shugabanci ne kawai nan da nan, amma sai ya gadar da rashin kwanciyar hankali na tsawon lokaci a kasa. Ko a nan gida Nijeriya, za a ga cewa; tunanin da kabilar Ibo ke yi a yau cewa; an kange su ga barin samun damar shugabancin wannan kasa, na da alaka ta kud-da-kud da juyin mulki na farko da aka yi a kasar, shekara 51 da suka gabata, wanda sojoji “yan kabilar ta Ibo suka jagoranta. Bugu da kari, ana kallon juyin mulki da wata guguwa da ke barar da tsarin mulkin dimukradiyya, tare da yin silar samar da yanayi na take hakkin Dan’adam a kasa. Sannan, juyin mulkin, kan raunana karfin iko, ko ‘yancin gudanar da ayyukan da wasu hukumomi ke da shi, misali, bangaren shari’a. Juyin mulkin, kan jaza ci gaba da afkuwar wasu juyin mulkin a kasa daga lokaci zuwa lokaci.
Cikin lokuta da dama, za a ga jagororin juyin mulkin, na da’awar dawo da doka da oda ne a kasa tare da nuna cewa; za su zo da nagartattun tsare-tsare, don ciyar da kasa gaba, amma a karshen lamari, irin wadancan alkawura ba kasafai suke cikuwa ba.
Akwai ci gaba a mako na gaba inshaAllah.
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কীওয়ার্ড: gwamnati mai ci cikin shekarar Coup Yayin da shi ake kira da gwamnati
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Ta kara da cewa, mambobin kwamitocin sun hada da wakilan tsofaffin manyan sakatarorin, kungiyar tsofaffin ma’aikata, Kungiyar Kwadago ta Najeriya (NLC), da kungiyar kwadago ta TUC, da sauransu.
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